Donald J. Trump has promised a burst of action once he has been sworn into office again, including a wide range of executive orders intended to steer federal policy on immigration, the federal work force, energy and the environment, the economy and trade, gender issues and diversity, equity and inclusion programs. At a dinner with donors on Sunday night, Mr. Trump said that “within hours of taking office I will sign dozens of executive orders — close to 100, in fact.” Some of the orders he will sign will be challenged in court and others will be largely symbolic. But taken together they will amount to a sharp turn in direction after the Biden administration, an effort to begin to make good on his campaign promises and initial steps toward breaking what he and his aides see as a “deep state” effort to thwart his agenda.